Buschfeld identifies two main forces responsible for the development and nature of World Englishes:
| Extra-territorial Forces (EIFs): External influences, including the historical legacy of colonization, current globalization, foreign policies, and external language policies (e.g., from organizations like the British Council). |
| Intra-territorial Forces (ITFs): Internal, local factors, such as sociodemographic realities (population, education), speaker attitudes towards language, and regional language policies.Integrated Approach: Unlike the "Dynamic Model," which focuses mainly on postcolonial scenarios, the EIF model argues that all contexts (native, second, or foreign language) are shaped by a dynamic interaction between external and internal factors, enabling a comparative study of different varieties. |
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References
Buschfeld, Sarah and Alexander Kautzsch 2017. Towards an integrated approach to postcolonial and non-postcolonial Englishes. World Englishes 36.1: 104-126.
Buschfeld, Sarah and Alexander Kautzsch 2020. Theoretical models of English as a world language. In Daniel Schreier, Marianne Hundt and Edgar W. Schneider (eds), The Cambridge Handbook of World Englishes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 51-71.
Buschfeld, Sarah and Alexander Kautzsch (eds) 2020. Modelling World Englishes. A Joint Approach to Postcolonial and Non-Postcolonial Varieties. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
